PICTURES FROM HISTORY: Rare Images Of War, History , WW2, Nazi Germany: Trypogeorgos Made Solid

Incredible Innovative India (Bharat) : Trypogeorgos made light solid

A team at the TIFR, Mumbai, led by Prof. Arka (Western Data Genesis Gemini AI) In early 2025, researchers achieved a breakthrough by transforming light into a supersolid state, a phase of matter that exhibits both crystalline structure and frictionless flow.

Key Scientists: The experiment involved Dimitrios Trypogeorgos (CNR-INO), along with colleagues like Iacopo Carusotto, Daniele Sanvitto, and Dario Gerace.
Mechanism: The team used a laser to strike a semiconductor (gallium arsenide) lattice with nanoscale ridges, creating hybrid light-matter particles called polaritons.
Result: As the density of these polaritons increased, they formed a repeating spatial pattern (like a solid) while maintaining quantum coherence (allowing them to flow like a superfluid).
Institutional Context: While the specific "supersolid light" breakthrough was led by European institutions (University of Pavia and CNR), the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai remains a global leader in related quantum photonics and light-matter research.

Prof. Sushil Mujumdar's team at TIFR Mumbai recently achieved milestones in long-distance quantum communication using entangled photons.
Prof. Arka Majumdar (University of Washington, formerly associated with Indian institutions) is also a prominent figure in the field of hybrid nanophotonics and quantum simulation using light

#Indonordicassociation(dot)org

Quotes about war....

"War grows out of the desire of the individual to gain advantage at the expense of his fellow man."
--Napoleon Hill

"We have failed to grasp the fact that mankind is becoming a single unit, and that for a unit to fight against itself is suicide."
--Havelock Ellis

'Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed."
--Mao Tse-Tung (1893 - 1976)

"I'm fed up to the ears with old men dreaming up wars for young men to die in."
--George McGovern

"The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic."
--Joseph Stalin

In war, truth is the first casualty.
-- Aeschylus

"The ability and inclination to use physical strength is no indication of bravery or tenacity to life. The greatest cowards are often the greatest bullies. Nothing is cheaper and more common than physical bravery."
--Clarence Darrow, Resist Not Evil

"The victor will never be asked if he told the truth."
--Adolf Hitler

"To walk through the ruined cities of Germany is to feel an actual doubt about the continuity of civilization."
--George Orwell

"Patriots always talk of dying for their country and never of killing for their country."
--Bertrand Russell

Men are at war with each other because each man is at war with himself.
--Francis Meehan

Snippets From History

German Soldiers in Russia: Part 1

Hubert Menzel was a major in the General Operations Department of the OKH (the Oberkommando des Heers, the German Army headquarters), and for him the idea of invading the Soviet Union in 1941 had the smack of cold, clear logic to it: 'We knew that in two years' time, that is by the end of 1942, beginning of 1943, the English would be ready, the Americans would be ready, the Russians would be ready too, and then we would have to deal with all three of them at the same time.... We had to try to remove the greatest threat from the East.... At the time it seemed possible.'

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Battle for Berlin, 1945

'We started to fire at the masses,' says one former German machine gunner. 'They weren't human beings for us. It was a wall of attacking beasts who were trying to kill us. You yourself were no longer human.'

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Berlin after it fell to the Russians, 1945

"Vladlen Anchishkin, a Soviet battery commander on the 1st Ukrainian Front, sums up the horror of the whole event, when he tells how he took personal revenge on German soldiers: 'I can admit it now, I was in such a state, I was in such a frenzy. I said, 'Bring them here for an interrogation' and I had a knife, and I cut him. I cut a lot of them. I thought, 'You wanted to kill me, now it's your turn.'
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Dramatic Pictures: Battle For Stalingrad

"...Effective command no longer possible... further defense senseless. Collapse inevitable. Army requests immediate permission to surrender in order to save lives of remaining troops."
General Paulus' radio message to Hitler on January 24, 1943
"...Capitulation is impossible. The 6th Army will do its historic duty at Stalingrad until the last man, the last bullet..."
Hitler's response to General Friedrich Paulus' request to withdraw from the city